↑ “Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release”. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) (bằng tiếng Anh). tháng 10 năm 2018. Truy cập ngày 13 tháng 1 năm 2019.
↑ Woo PC, Huang Y, Lau SK, Yuen KY (tháng 8 năm 2010). “Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis”. Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–20. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC3185738. PMID21994708. Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and rooted using Breda virus polyprotein.
1 2 3 Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (tháng 3 năm 2020). “The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2”. Nature Microbiology. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z. PMID32123347.
↑ Kohen, Jon; Kupferschmidth, Kai (ngày 28 tháng 2 năm 2020). “Strategies shift as coronavirus pandemic looms”. Science. 367 (6481): 962–963. doi:10.1126/science.367.6481.962. PMID32108093.
↑ Woo PC, Huang Y, Lau SK, Yuen KY (tháng 8 năm 2010). “Coronavirus genomics and bioinformatics analysis”. Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–20. doi:10.3390/v2081803. PMC3185738. PMID21994708. Furthermore, subsequent phylogenetic analysis using both complete genome sequence and proteomic approaches, it was concluded that SARSr-CoV is probably an early split-off from the Betacoronavirus lineage [1]; See Figure 2.
↑ Gouilh MA, Puechmaille SJ, Gonzalez JP, Teeling E, Kittayapong P, Manuguerra JC (tháng 10 năm 2011). “SARS-Coronavirus ancestor's foot-prints in South-East Asian bat colonies and the refuge theory”. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 11 (7): 1690–702. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.06.021. PMID21763784. Betacoronaviruses-b ancestors, meaning SARSr-CoVs ancestors, could have been historically hosted by the common ancestor of the Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae and could have later evolved independently in the lineages leading towards Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae betacoronaviruses.
1 2 3 Snijder EJ, Bredenbeek PJ, Dobbe JC, Thiel V, Ziebuhr J, Poon LL, và đồng nghiệp (tháng 8 năm 2003). “Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage”. Journal of Molecular Biology. 331 (5): 991–1004. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00865-9. PMID12927536. The SARS-CoV genome is ∼29.7 kb long and contains 14 open reading frames (ORFs) flanked by 5′ and 3′-untranslated regions of 265 and 342 nucleotides, respectively (Figure 1).
↑ Snijder EJ, Bredenbeek PJ, Dobbe JC, Thiel V, Ziebuhr J, Poon LL, và đồng nghiệp (tháng 8 năm 2003). “Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage”. Journal of Molecular Biology. 331 (5): 991–1004. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00865-9. PMID12927536. See Figure 1.
↑ Goldsmith CS, Tatti KM, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Comer JA, Lee WW, và đồng nghiệp (tháng 2 năm 2004). “Ultrastructural characterization of SARS coronavirus”. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10 (2): 320–6. doi:10.3201/eid1002.030913. PMC3322934. PMID15030705. Virions acquired an envelope by budding into the cisternae and formed mostly spherical, sometimes pleomorphic, particles that averaged 78 nm in diameter (Figure 1A).
↑ Masters PS (ngày 1 tháng 1 năm 2006). The molecular biology of coronaviruses. Advances in Virus Research. 66. Academic Press. tr. 193–292. doi:10.1016/S0065-3527(06)66005-3. ISBN9780120398690. PMID16877062. Nevertheless, the interaction between S protein and receptor remains the principal, if not sole, determinant of coronavirus host species range and tissue tropism.
↑ Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL (tháng 3 năm 2019). “Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses”. Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 17 (3): 181–192. doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9. PMID30531947. Different SARS-CoV strains isolated from several hosts vary in their binding affinities for human ACE2 and consequently in their infectivity of human cells76,78 (Fig. 6b)
1 2 Cui H, Gao Z, Liu M, Lu S, Mkandawire W, Mo S, Narykov O, Srinivasan S, Korkin D (tháng 1 năm 2020). “Structural genomics and interactomics of 2019 Wuhan novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, indicate evolutionary conserved functional regions of viral proteins”. bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2020.02.10.942136.
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1 2 Fehr AR, Perlman S (2015). “Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis”. Trong Maier HJ, Bickerton E, Britton P (biên tập). Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. tr. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN978-1-4939-2438-7. PMC4369385. PMID25720466. See section: Coronavirus Life Cycle – Attachment and Entry
↑ Heurich A, Hofmann-Winkler H, Gierer S, Liepold T, Jahn O, Pöhlmann S (tháng 1 năm 2014). “TMPRSS2 and ADAM17 cleave ACE2 differentially and only proteolysis by TMPRSS2 augments entry driven by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein”. Journal of Virology. 88 (2): 1293–307. doi:10.1128/JVI.02202-13. PMC3911672. PMID24227843. The SARS-CoV can hijack two cellular proteolytic systems to ensure the adequate processing of its S protein. Cleavage of SARS-S can be facilitated by cathepsin L, a pH-dependent endo-/lysosomal host cell protease, upon uptake of virions into target cell endosomes (25). Alternatively, the type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) TMPRSS2 and HAT can activate SARS-S, presumably by cleavage of SARS-S at or close to the cell surface, and activation of SARS-S by TMPRSS2 allows for cathepsin L-independent cellular entry (26,–28).
↑ Zumla A, Chan JF, Azhar EI, Hui DS, Yuen KY (tháng 5 năm 2016). “Coronaviruses - drug discovery and therapeutic options”. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery. 15 (5): 327–47. doi:10.1038/nrd.2015.37. PMID26868298. S is activated and cleaved into the S1 and S2 subunits by other host proteases, such as transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and TMPRSS11D, which enables cell surface non-endosomal virus entry at the plasma membrane.
1 2 3 Fehr AR, Perlman S (2015). “Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis”. Trong Maier HJ, Bickerton E, Britton P (biên tập). Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. tr. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN978-1-4939-2438-7. PMC4369385. PMID25720466. See Table 2.
1 2 3 Fehr AR, Perlman S (2015). “Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis”. Trong Maier HJ, Bickerton E, Britton P (biên tập). Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. tr. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN978-1-4939-2438-7. PMC4369385. PMID25720466. See section: Replicase Protein Expression
1 2 Fehr AR, Perlman S (2015). “Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis”. Trong Maier HJ, Bickerton E, Britton P (biên tập). Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. tr. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN978-1-4939-2438-7. PMC4369385. PMID25720466. See section: Corona Life Cycle – Replication and Transcription
↑ Fehr AR, Perlman S (2015). “Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis”. Trong Maier HJ, Bickerton E, Britton P (biên tập). Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. tr. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN978-1-4939-2438-7. PMC4369385. PMID25720466. See Figure 1.
1 2 Fehr AR, Perlman S (2015). “Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis”. Trong Maier HJ, Bickerton E, Britton P (biên tập). Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1282. Springer. tr. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN978-1-4939-2438-7. PMC4369385. PMID25720466. See section: Coronavirus Life Cycle – Assembly and Release
